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Contribute on GitHub iptables is an application that allows users to configure specific rules that will be enforced by the kernel’s netfilter framework. It acts as a packet filter and firewall that examines and directs traffic based on port, protocol and other criteria. This guide will focus on the configuration and application of iptables rulesets and will provide examples of ways they are commonly used.

By default, the iptables tool is included with your Linode-supplied distribution. In order to use iptables, you will need root ( sudo) privileges.

Example To add a DHCP relay named relay on ether1 interface resending all received requests to the 10. Default values of following questions may be different.1.0.0.list of DHCP servers' IP addresses which should the DHCP requests be forwarded tointerface (name).0.1 dhcp-option=Option-Hostname dns-server=159.0.20 [admin@MikroTik] ip dhcp-server. MAC Spoofing Attacks All MAC flooding tools force a switch to “fail open” to later perform selective MAC spoofing attacks. A MAC spoofing attack consists of generating a frame from a malicious host borrowing a legitimate source MAC address already in use on the VLAN.

Use Linux iptables to Manage IPv4 Traffic The iptables Command Many options can be used with the iptables command. As stated above, iptables sets the rules that control network traffic. You can define different tables to handle these rules through chains, lists of rules that match a subset of packets.

The table contains a variety of built-in chains, but you can add your own. Basic iptables Parameters and Syntax Before we begin creating rules, let’s review the syntax of an iptables rule. For example, the following command adds a rule to the beginning of the chain that will drop all packets from the address 198.51.100.0: iptables -I INPUT -s 198.51.100.0 -j DROP The sample command above: • Calls the iptables program • Uses the -I option for insertion. Using a rule with the insertion option will add it to the beginning of a chain and will be applied first. To indicate a specific placement in the chain, you may also use a number with the -I option. Microsoft office 2011 for mac and el capitan.

• The -s parameter, along with the IP address (198.51.100.0), indicates the source. • Finally, the -j parameter stands for jump. It specifies the target of the rule and what action will be performed if the packet is a match. Parameter Description -p, --protocol The protocol, such as TCP, UDP, etc.

-s, --source Can be an address, network name, hostname, etc. -d, --destination An address, hostname, network name, etc. -j, --jump Specifies the target of the rule; i.e. What to do if the packet matches.

-g, --goto chain Specifies that the processing will continue in a user-specified chain. -i, --in-interface Names the interface from where packets are received. -o, --out-interface Name of the interface by which a packet is being sent. -f, --fragment The rule will only be applied to the second and subsequent fragments of fragmented packets. -c, --set-counters Enables the admin to initialize the packet and byte counters of a rule. Default Tables Tables are made up of built-in chains and may also contain user-defined chains. The built-in tables will depend on the kernel configuration and the installed modules.

The default tables are as follows: • Filter - This is the default table. Its built-in chains are: • Input: packets going to local sockets • Forward: packets routed through the server • Output: locally generated packets • Nat - When a packet creates a new connection, this table is used. Its built-in chains are: • Prerouting: designating packets when they come in • Output: locally generated packets before routing takes place • Postrouting: altering packets on the way out • Mangle - Used for special altering of packets. Its chains are: • Prerouting: incoming packets • Postrouting: outgoing packets • Output: locally generated packets that are being altered • Input: packets coming directly into the server • Forward: packets being routed through the server • Raw - Primarily used for configuring exemptions from connection tracking. The built-in chains are: • Prerouting: packets that arrive by the network interface • Output: processes that are locally generated • Security - Used for Mandatory Access Control (MAC) rules.

After the filter table, the security table is accessed next. The built-in chains are: • Input: packets entering the server • Output: locally generated packets • Forward: packets passing through the server Basic iptables Options There are many options that may be used with the iptables command: Option Description -A --append Add one or more rules to the end of the selected chain. -C --check Check for a rule matching the specifications in the selected chain. -D --delete Delete one or more rules from the selected chain. -F --flush Delete all the rules one-by-one.